Ahmed, S. M. U., Luo, L., Namani, A., & others. (2017). Nrf2 signaling pathway: Pivotal roles in inflammation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, 1863(2), 585–597. Added by: Dr. Enrique Feoli (22/05/2021, 08:32) Last edited by: Dr. Enrique Feoli (22/05/2021, 08:36)
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Abstract
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{Inflammation is the most common feature of many chronic diseases and complications, while playing critical roles in carcinogenesis. Several studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 contributes to the anti-inflammatory process by orchestrating the recruitment of inflammatory cells and regulating gene expression through the antioxidant response element (ARE). The Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein)/Nrf2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor 2)/ARE signaling pathway mainly regulates anti-inflammatory gene expression and inhibits the progression of inflammation. Therefore, the identification of new Nrf2-dependent anti-inflammatory phytochemicals has become a key point in drug discovery. In this review, we discuss the members of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signal pathway and its downstream genes, the effects of this pathway on animal models of inflammatory diseases, and crosstalk with the NF-{$kappa$}B pathway. In addition we also discuss about the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by Nrf2. Besides this, we summarize the current scenario of the development of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals and others that mediate the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.}
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| Notes |
| Phytochemicals/drugs | Chemical compound/group | Uses in disease model | Clinical trial | References |
| EGCG |
Flavonoids |
Lupus nephritis, Aβ induced neuro inflammation |
Phase II |
[81], [99], [137], [138] |
| Astaxanthin |
Carotenoids |
Chronic inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases |
Phase I |
[3], [139] |
| Curcumin |
Curcuminoids |
Spinal cord injury, mastitis |
Phase II |
[132], [140], [141] |
| Sulfoaphane |
Organosulfides |
UV dermatitis, AD nasal inflammation, eradicate H. pylori infection in DM-2 patient |
Phase I & II |
[142], [143], [144], [145] |
| Resveratrol |
Stylbenes |
CKD, UC |
Phase II |
[146], [147] |
| DMF, CDDO-Me/RTA402 |
Triterpenoids |
HD, MS, PH, HIV, CKD, DM-2, Psoriasis, Hepatopathy |
Phase II & III |
[148], [149], [150] |
| Tecfidera |
Triterpenoids |
MS |
Phase III |
[151], [152] |
| RT408 |
Triterpenoids |
Radiation induced dermatitis |
Phase II |
[153] |
| Quercetin |
Flavonoids |
Pulmonary infection |
Phase II |
[154] |
| Catechin |
Flavan-3-Ols |
Periodontosis, NAFLD |
Phase II |
[155], [156] |
| Silymarin |
Lignans |
NAFLD, UC, chronic Hepatitis |
Phase II |
[157], [158], [159] |
| Soy genistein |
Isoflavones |
Bronchial asthma |
Phase II |
[160] |
| Cernilton |
Non specific |
Chronic prostatitis |
Phase III |
[161], [162] |
| Eviprostat |
Non specific |
Chronic prostatitis |
Phase III |
[162] |
| VEDA 1209 |
Non specific |
UC |
Preclinical |
[152] |
| Artesunate |
ART |
Septic lung injury |
Preclinical |
[127] |
| Isovitexin |
Glycosylflavonoids |
Acute lung injury (LPS induced) |
Preclinical |
[128] |
| Fimasartan |
ARB |
Unilateral ureteral obstruction |
Preclinical |
[129] |
| Sappanone |
Homioisoflavanones |
LPS induced Inflammation |
Preclinical |
[130] |
| Bixin |
Carotenoids |
Ventilation induced lung injury |
Preclinical |
[131] |
| Eriodictyol |
Flavonoids |
Kidney injury(cisplatin induced), septic lung injury |
Preclinical |
[135], [136] |
| Anthocyanynin |
Flavonoids |
Atheroscerosis |
Preclinical |
[124] |
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